Focus on Vocabulary
- under Darwinistic notion - відповідно до теорії Дарвіна
- to drop off - зникати, помирати
- theory of natural selection - теорія природного відбору
- species - види
- ecological niche - (екологічна) ніша, положення виду в біоценозі
- DNA sequence - наслідок, результат, послідовність ДНК
- coding region genes - кодуючі ділянки гена
- non-coding sequences - некодуючі ділянки гена
- proposition - твердження, судження
- incompatible - несумісний
- to adapt to - адаптуватись до
Focus on the Topic
Under Darwinistic notion, you would think that junk would drop off under the theory of natural selection, just like species drop off if they ecological niches, which is incompatible with survival. If they can adapt to those niches, then those that can, survive, those that can't, die. This is the notion. If you apply that to the DNA sequence, then the coding region genes, which survive, have a function, and by the way the non-coding sequences have survived as well. So the proposition would have to be that if they're there, they've got a function.
Conditional Clauses
if = when, provided that, or on condition that, etc.
Basic pattern for the 'if clause':
1. If+Simple Present, (then) + clause of consequence
e.g.:
If they can adapt to those niches, then those that can, survive, those that can't, die.
If they're there, they've got a function.
2. If + past tense verb, (then) would + verb (less likely statement)
e.g.: If you had a university education, (then) you would have more opportunities.
Ways of Making opposites (words with opposite meaning)
by using preffixes
- in- + adj (meaning 'not'): insignificant, inexpensive, intolerant
- non- + adj(meaning 'not in the group of' or 'not') : non-coding, non-European, non-Aboriginal, non-government, non-smoking, non-fiction, non-stick
- un- + adj (meaning 'not'): unfair, unattractive, unusual, unnatural
- un- + verbs: undo, undress, unbend
Ways of Forming Adjectives from People's Names
Use suffixes:
-ic (=belonging to or 'like'): Darwinistic = like a Darwinist
-ist (to describe atype of person with a certain set of beliefs): Darwinist = smb who believes in the Darwin theory
Marxist = smb who follows the writings of Marx
Buddhist = smb who follows the teaching of the Buddha